A

• Anatomical Procedures and Terminology
  Abdominoplasty A surgical procedure that surgeons perform to flatten the abdomen by removing excess fat and skin while tightening muscles in the abdominal wall. Patients commonly refer to this transformative procedure as a “tummy tuck,” which effectively reshapes the midsection and improves body contour. Moreover, abdominoplasty helps patients achieve a more streamlined and toned abdominal appearance.
  Antihelical Fold Located just inside the rim of the ear, the antihelical fold represents a critical anatomical landmark in ear reconstruction and cosmetic ear surgeries. Consequently, surgeons carefully consider this structural detail when performing otoplasty or other ear-related procedures to ensure optimal aesthetic and functional outcomes.
  Arborizing Veins Distinctive veins that resemble tiny, branch-like shapes arranged in a cartwheel pattern, typically observed on the outer thigh. Additionally, these unique vascular formations often become a point of cosmetic concern for patients seeking specialized vascular treatments or aesthetic interventions.
  Areola The pigmented skin surrounding the nipple, the areola plays a significant role in breast-related surgical procedures. Furthermore, surgeons may modify the areola’s size, shape, or position during breast reconstruction, augmentation, or reduction surgeries to achieve desired aesthetic results.
  Augmentation Mammoplasty A surgical procedure that surgeons perform to enlarge breasts through strategic medical intervention. Moreover, this technique helps patients achieve improved breast symmetry, enhanced body proportions, and increased self-confidence. Similarly, augmentation mammoplasty offers customizable options to meet individual aesthetic goals.

B

• Breast and Body Contouring Procedures
  Bilateral Gynecomastia A medical condition affecting men characterized by over-developed or enlarged breasts on both sides of the chest. Consequently, this condition can cause significant psychological distress and may require surgical intervention to restore a more masculine chest contour. Moreover, surgeons can address bilateral gynecomastia through specialized reduction techniques.
  Biocompatible Materials Synthetic or natural materials that surgeons carefully design to function harmoniously with living tissue, particularly in facial implants. Furthermore, these materials ensure minimal rejection and optimal integration with the patient’s natural anatomy. Additionally, biocompatible materials play a crucial role in various reconstructive and cosmetic procedures.
  Blepharoplasty A primarily cosmetic surgical procedure that addresses both aesthetic and functional concerns around the eyelids. Surgeons remove excess skin, muscle, and underlying fatty tissue to reduce bagginess from lower eyelids and raise drooping upper eyelids. Moreover, this procedure can improve both visual appearance and potential vision obstruction caused by excess skin.
  Brachioplasty Also known as an arm lift, brachioplasty is a surgical procedure that corrects sagging of the upper arms through strategic tissue removal and reshaping. Consequently, this intervention helps patients achieve more toned and youthful-appearing arm contours. Furthermore, the procedure can significantly improve body confidence and physical comfort.
  Breast Augmentation Also known as augmentation mammoplasty, this surgical procedure helps patients increase breast size and improve overall breast symmetry. Surgeons use various techniques and implant types to achieve the desired aesthetic outcome. Additionally, breast augmentation can help patients restore volume lost due to pregnancy, weight loss, or aging.
  Breast Lift Also known as mastopexy, this surgical procedure lifts and reshapes sagging breasts to restore a more youthful position and contour. Furthermore, surgeons remove excess skin and reposition breast tissue to create a more elevated and aesthetically pleasing breast appearance. Moreover, this procedure can dramatically improve body proportions and self-confidence.
  Breast Reconstruction A complex surgical process achieved through multiple plastic surgery techniques that attempt to restore a breast to near-normal shape, appearance, and size following mastectomy. Consequently, this procedure helps cancer survivors regain a sense of wholeness and improve their body image. Additionally, surgeons use various advanced techniques to create natural-looking results.
  Breast Reduction A surgical procedure that decreases breast size while simultaneously lifting the breasts. Surgeons remove excess breast tissue, skin, and fat to alleviate physical discomfort and improve body proportions. Moreover, this intervention can help patients address both aesthetic concerns and medical issues related to large breasts.
  Brow Lift A surgical procedure designed to correct a low-positioned or sagging brow while smoothing furrows across the forehead and between the brows. Consequently, patients achieve a more refreshed and youthful facial appearance. Furthermore, this technique can help address signs of aging and improve overall facial harmony.
  Brazilian Butt Lift A specialized fat transfer procedure that augments the size and shape of the buttocks without using implants. Surgeons remove excess fat from areas like the hips, abdomen, lower back, or thighs through liposuction, then strategically inject a portion of this fat into the buttocks. Moreover, this procedure provides a more natural-looking enhancement compared to traditional implant methods.

C

• Cosmetic Interventions and Cancer-Related Terms
  Cancer The uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body, which medical professionals also refer to as malignant cells. Consequently, plastic surgeons often play a critical role in reconstructive procedures following cancer treatments. Moreover, understanding cancer terminology helps patients navigate both treatment and reconstruction options effectively.
  Cannula The specialized liposuction instrument that plastic surgeons use to remove fat from the body during cosmetic procedures. Furthermore, the precise design of the cannula allows for controlled and strategic fat removal. Additionally, surgeons select different cannula sizes and shapes based on the specific treatment area and desired outcomes.
  Capsular Contracture A complication of breast implant surgery that occurs when scar tissue normally forms around the implant, then tightens and squeezes the implant until it becomes firm. In contrast to normal healing, this condition can cause discomfort and aesthetic changes. Moreover, surgeons use various techniques to minimize the risk of capsular contracture formation.
  Cheiloplasty A specialized surgical procedure that surgeons perform to repair cleft lips and restore normal lip function and appearance. Additionally, this reconstructive technique requires precise surgical skills to achieve optimal aesthetic and functional outcomes. Furthermore, early intervention typically produces the best long-term results for patients.
  Cheiloschisis The scientific term for a cleft lip, representing a congenital condition that surgeons can correct through specialized reconstructive procedures. Consequently, understanding this terminology helps medical professionals communicate effectively about treatment options. Moreover, this condition affects both function and appearance, requiring comprehensive care.
  Chemical Peel Solutions Specialized substances that penetrate the skin’s surface to soften irregularities in texture and color. Furthermore, these treatments address various skin concerns, including fine lines, sun damage, and uneven pigmentation. Additionally, surgeons can customize chemical peel depth based on individual patient needs and desired outcomes.
  Circumferential Thigh Lift A surgical procedure that corrects sagging of the outer and mid-thigh through comprehensive tissue removal and repositioning. Consequently, patients achieve improved thigh contours and enhanced body proportions. Moreover, this technique addresses skin laxity that cannot be corrected through exercise alone.
  Cleft A separation of the upper lip and/or the roof of the mouth that surgeons can correct through specialized reconstructive procedures. Additionally, early intervention helps ensure optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes for affected patients. Furthermore, multidisciplinary care often provides the most comprehensive treatment approach.
  Cleft Lip The incomplete formation of the upper lip that occurs during fetal development. Surgeons can successfully repair this condition through carefully planned reconstructive procedures that restore both function and appearance. Moreover, timing of surgical intervention plays a crucial role in achieving optimal results.
  Cleft Palate The incomplete formation of the roof of the mouth that surgeons can correct through specialized reconstructive techniques. Furthermore, this condition often requires multidisciplinary care involving plastic surgeons, speech therapists, and other specialists. Additionally, successful treatment typically involves multiple stages of intervention.
  Collagen A natural protein that surgeons use as an injectable filler for soft tissue augmentation. Furthermore, collagen helps restore volume and smooth facial contours naturally. Moreover, this biocompatible substance integrates well with existing tissue to provide natural-looking results.
  Columella The tissue that separates the nostrils and plays a crucial role in nasal aesthetics and function. Consequently, surgeons carefully consider the columella when performing rhinoplasty procedures to maintain proper nasal proportion. Additionally, this structure contributes significantly to overall nasal appearance.
  Conchal Cartilage The largest and deepest concavity of the external ear that surgeons may use in reconstructive procedures. Additionally, this cartilage provides structural support and aesthetic contour to the ear. Furthermore, understanding ear anatomy helps surgeons achieve optimal results in otoplasty procedures.
  Constricted Ear Also called a lop or cup ear, this condition has varying degrees of protrusion, reduced ear circumference, folding or flattening of the upper helical rim, and lowered ear position. Surgeons can correct these deformities through specialized otoplasty procedures. Moreover, early intervention often provides the best aesthetic outcomes.
  Contracture A puckering or pulling together of tissues that represents a potential side effect of cleft surgery and other reconstructive procedures. Moreover, surgeons work to minimize contracture formation through careful surgical planning and technique. Additionally, post-operative care plays a crucial role in preventing contracture development.
  Contractures Scars that restrict movement due to skin and underlying tissue pulling together during healing, usually occurring when there is significant tissue loss, such as after a burn. Consequently, these conditions often require specialized reconstructive procedures to restore function and appearance. Furthermore, early intervention can help minimize contracture severity.
  Cryptotia Also called hidden ear, this condition occurs when the upper rim of the ear is buried beneath a fold of scalp, secondary to abnormal folding of the upper ear cartilage toward the head. The folding represents the reverse of that commonly seen in protruding ear conditions. Surgeons can correct cryptotia through specialized otoplasty techniques that restore normal ear positioning and appearance.

 D

• Dermabrasion: A surgical procedure in which a patient’s upper layers of skin, scarred from acne, pox or other causes, is frozen and then removed using a high-powered rotating brush

E

• Epidermis: The uppermost portion of skin.
• Excision: To remove the skin.
• External Incisions: Surgical incisions made on the surface of your skin.

F

• Flap Techniques: Surgical techniques used to reposition your own skin, muscle and fat to reconstruct or cover the breast.
• Fascia: A type of connective tissue used in lip augmentation to produce fuller lips. This product is made from human donor tissue.
• Fat Transfer: Fat grafting, also referred to as fat transfer or fat injections, is the surgical process by which fat is transferred from one area of the body to another area. The surgical goal is to improve or augment the area where the fat is injected. 

G

• Grafting: Tissue taken from other parts of the body.

H

• Hematoma: Blood pooling beneath the skin.
• Hyfrecation: Spider vein treatment in which the vessels are cauterized.
• Hyperpigmented Scar: A scar that is darker in color.
• Hypertropic Scar: Thick clusters of scar tissue that develop directly at a wound site.
• Hypopigmented Scar: A scar that is lighter in color.

I

• Injectable Fillers: Substances used to restore volume and your youthful appearance.
• Intraoral Incisions: Surgical incisions made inside the mouth.
• Intravenous Sedation: Sedatives are administered by injection into a vein to help you relax.

J

K

• Keloids: Large scars that can be painful or itchy, and may also pucker which can occur anywhere on your body, developing more commonly where there is little underlying fatty tissue, such as on the breastbone or shoulders. 

L

• Laser Resurfacing: A method to change to the surface of the skin that allows new, healthy skin to form at the scar site.
• Laser Therapy: An intense beam of light passed over the leg to eliminate spider veins.
• Laser Treatment: An intense beam of light directed at the spider vein, which obliterates it through the skin.
• Latissimus Dorsi Flap Technique: A surgical technique that uses muscle, fat and skin tunneled under the skin and tissue of a woman’s back to the reconstructed breast and remains attached to its donor site, leaving blood supply intact.
• Lipoplasty: Another term for liposuction.
• Liposuction: A cosmetic procedure in which a special instrument called a cannula is used to break up and suck out fat from the body.
• Local flap: A surgical procedure used for skin cancer in which healthy, adjacent tissue is repositioned over the wound.
• Lower Body Lift: Surgical procedure to correct sagging of the abdomen, buttocks, groin, and outer thighs.

M

• Mastectomy: The removal of a breast, typically to rid the body cancer.
• Mastopexy: Also called a breast lift, this procedure removes excess skin in order to lift up sagging or drooping breasts
• Medial Thigh Lift: A surgical procedure to correct sagging of the inner thigh.
• Melanoma: The most dangerous form of skin cancer. Melanoma can spread rapidly and be fatal if not treated or detected.
• Microtia: The most complex congenital ear deformity when the outer ear appears as either a sausage-shaped structure resembling little more than the earlobe, or has more recognizable parts of the concha and tragus or other normal ear features. It may or may not be missing the external auditory or hearing canal. Hearing is impaired to varying degrees.
• Mommy Make-over: Is one of today’s most popular combination plastic surgery techniques, designed specifically to address common issues faced by women who have been through pregnancy and breastfeeding. 

N

• Nasolabial Fold: Deep creases between the nose and mouth.
• Nevi: A mole.

O

• Obturator: An intraoral device your child may wear prior to repair of the cleft lip which may assist in feeding and maintain the arch of the lip prior to repair.
• Otoplasty: A surgical procedure also known as ear surgery to improve the shape, position or proportion of the ear.

P

• Palatoschisis: The scientific term for a cleft palate.
• PMMA: A widely used implant material formed into tiny microspheres and suspended in a collagen gel for use as a wrinkle filler. 

Q

R

• Reduction Mammoplasty: The surgical removal of breast tissue to reduce the size of breasts.
• Reticular Veins: Larger, darker leg veins that tend to bulge slightly, but are not severe enough to require surgical treatment.
• Rhinoplasty: A cosmetic procedure used to enhance or change the appearance of the nose. Rhinoplasty is commonly referred to as a nose job.
• Rhytidectomy: A surgical procedure, also known as facelift, to reduce sagging of the mid-face, jowls and neck.

S

• Saline Implants: Breast implants filled with a salt water solution.
• Sclerotherapy: Sclerosing solution injected into a vein, causing it to collapse and fade from view.
• SGAP Flap: Superior Gluteal Artery perforator flap, which takes tissue from the buttock.
• Silicone Implants: Breast implants filled with an elastic gel solution.
• Skin Graft: A surgical procedure used for skin cancer. Healthy skin is removed from one area of the body and relocated to the wound site. A suture line is positioned to follow the natural creases and curves of the face if possible, to minimize the appearance of the resulting scar.
• Skin Resurfacing: Treatment to improve the texture, clarity and overall appearance of your skin.
• Soft Tissue Augmentation: The use of injectable fillers to restore volume and your youthful appearance.
• Spider-shaped Veins: A group of veins radiating outward from a dark central point.
• Spider veins: Small clusters of red, blue or purple veins that appear in the skin on the thighs, calves and ankles.
• Stahl’s Ear: An ear that is distorted in shape due to an abnormal fold of cartilage. 

T

• Tissue Expansion: A procedure that can substitute for skin grafts. An inflatable balloon called a tissue expander is placed under the skin near the scar site to stretch additional skin to be used to revise a scar. Often, multiple procedures are needed.
• TRAM Flap: Also known as transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap, a surgical technique that uses muscle, fat and skin from your own abdomen to reconstruct the breast.
• Transaxillary Incision: An incision made in the underarm area.
• Tummy Tuck: A surgical procedure to correct the apron of excess skin hanging over your abdomen

U

• Unilateral Gynecomastia: A condition of over-developed or enlarged breasts affecting just one breast in men.

V

• Varicose Veins: Abnormally swollen or dilated veins.
• Venous System: Veins.

W – X – Y

Z

• Z-plasty for Scar Revision: A surgical technique that creates angled flaps on either side of the original scar site that can completely reposition or change scar direction, interrupt scar tension or improve scar flexibility.